The reliability of eyewitness testimony has become a...

The reliability of eyewitness testimony has become a popular research topic in applied and social psychology since Loftus and Palmer’s study in 1974 (see Steblay, 1997; Wright Loftus, 1998; Deffenbacher, Bornstein, Penrod, McGorty, for reviews). Participants viewed videos or slides of traffic accidents (Loftus Palmer, 1974) or a criminal act (Roediger, Jacoby, McDermott, 1996; Cutler, Penrod, Martens, 1987) and afterwards were asked several questions about what they had just seen. The manipulation in studies was that the researchers did not ask the same question to all participant, but instead changed the wording of one critical detail in the question. In Loftus and Palmer’s study, some of the subjects were asked â€Å"About how fast†¦show more content†¦However, â€Å"discussion among victims or witnesses to a crime is difficult, if not impossible to prevent’’ (Yarmey, 1992, p. 252). The concern that witnesses might talk to each other has been confirmed by a survey conducted in Australia (Paterson Kemp, 2006). They found that if the respondent had witnessed a serious event and there was a co-witness present, 86% of the respondents had discussed the witnessed event together, of which 63% percent had done so immediately after the witnessed event. In another survey by Paterson and Kemp (2005), police officers confirmed the observation that co-witnesses frequently discuss the witnessed event together, and also indicated that such discussions are difficult to prevent. Discussion between eyewitnesses seems inevitable, and several researchers have emphasized the negative effects of discussion on group memory, such as memory distortion, (Basden, Basden, Bryner, Thomas 1997; Weldon, Bellinger, 1997), or memory conformity (Wright Schwartz, 2008; French, Garry, Mori, 2008) that occurs due to the group process. Whereas the first refers to the effect that an individual’s memory is altered by new information, the secon d refers to the phenomenon of someone’s memory being altered as a result of the influence of other people’s memories On the other hand, little research has been conducted regarding the possible positive effects of discussion on eyewitness memory recall.Show MoreRelatedCatherine Malasa2300 Words   |  10 PagesCHRESO UNIVERSITY DISTANCE EDUCATION NAME OF SCHOOL: FACULTY OFBUSINESS, HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT: SOCIAL SCIENCES COMPUTER NO: PROGRAM: BARCHELAR of SCIENCE IN ECONOMICS COURSE CODE: PSY 501 LECTURER: SIKABELE CHIKUBA STUDENT: CATHERINE MALASA SEMESTER: 1ST SEMESTER 1ST YEAR ASSIGNMENT: NO 1 DUE DATE:Read MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesby Wadsworth Publishing Company, Belmont, California USA in 1993 with ISBN number 0-534-17688-7. When Wadsworth decided no longer to print the book, they returned their publishing rights to the original author, Bradley Dowden. The current version has been significantly revised. If you would like to suggest changes to the text, the author would appreciate your writing to him at dowden@csus.edu. iv Praise Comments on the earlier 1993 edition, published by Wadsworth Publishing Company, which

A Rose For Emily By William Golding - 1207 Words

Throughout many stories, they all have one main subject in common. They all use symbolization to gain the attention of the audience. In the novel, â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† has many different types of symbolizations throughout the novel. There are many different reasons why authors’ use symbolization. Symbolization can be defined as an item that has meaning behind the visual meaning. The item might represent heart break, death, or even love. There is more meaning hidden behind the image that has been expressed. Symbolism can be used in different forms. Usually, it is an item that is representing another to give it a completely different meaning that is much deeper and more significant than it suspects to have. However, many symbol’s†¦show more content†¦After her father’s death Emily was unable to get gentlemen’s attention. It was too late for her to start her own life. Then Homer Barron came into town and Emily fell in love. Her and Homer started to have an intimate relationship. Miss Emily, bought arsenic and killed Homer. The town’s people started to get subspecies because Homer Barron disappeared. The town’s people suspects that Miss Emily has a part in the disappearance of Homer. In conclusion, there was a horrible, disgusting smell that was coming from Miss Emily’s house that caught the town’s peoples’ attention. They found Miss Emily’s body dead, also she died before the town’s people were able to get the taxes that Miss Emily owed. When they open one of the doors to a room, they found the remaining’s of Homer Barron on the bed. One the other side of the bed there was a lump like someone was sleeping there, and they found a grey hair which belonged to Miss Emily on the pillow next to the corpse. Section Two: Symbolization (Rose) One main symbolization in the novel â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† is the rose. Throughout the entire story it never mentions an actual rose for Emily, however, the title of the novel is a huge symbolic. The rose corresponds to the significance of love since

Porters Diamond free essay sample

Competitive advantage of nations have been the outcome of four interlinked advanced factors and activities: these interrelated links Factors for Competitive Advantage for the countries or regions in Porter’s Diamond are as follows: 1 Factor conditions such as skilled labor, land, natural resources, capital and infrastructure. Porter argues that the key factors of production (or specialized factors) are created, not inherited. Specialized factors of production are skilled labor, capital and infrastructure. Non-key factors or general use factors, such as unskilled labor and raw materials, can be obtained by any company and, hence, do not generate sustained competitive advantage. However, specialized factors involve heavy, sustained investment. They are more difficult to duplicate. This leads to a competitive advantage, because if other firms cannot easily duplicate these factors, they are valuable 2 Demand conditions Porter argues that a sophisticated domestic market is an important element to producing competitiveness. Firms that face a sophisticated domestic market are likely to sell superior products because the market demands high quality and a close proximity to such consumers enables the firm to better understand the needs and desires of the customers . We will write a custom essay sample on Porters Diamond or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 3 Related and supporting industries -Porter also argues that a set of strong related and supporting industries is important to the competitiveness of firms. This includes suppliers and related industries. This usually occurs at a regional level as opposed to a national level. 4 Firm strategy, structure and rivalry conditions for organization of companies, and the nature of domestic rivalry. The structure and management systems of firms in different countries can potentially affect competitiveness. Likewise, if rivalry in the domestic market is very fierce, companies may build up capabilities that can act as competitive advantages on a global scale. Home markets with less rivalry may therefore be counterproductive, and act as a barrier in the generating of global competitive advantages such as innovation and development.

Natural Born Killers Essays - Films, , Term Papers

Natural Born Killers John Byers Ideology is an ever-present factor in our everyday lives. A good amount of the information we receive is tainted by ideological values. These values, unique to the source of the information are windows or reinforcements on their standings regarding any number of topics. When we receive the information at hand it is then subject our own individual ideological beliefs and values that we hold true. Ideology in film is such a powerful factor that in my opinion it is the biggest factor that should be consider when analyzing the information of the film. When it comes down to it film is a direct result of what someone is ?showing? you. What that person is ?showing? you is what they want you to see and what they don't want you to see, tainted by their own ideological standings. Oliver Stone's explicit left-wing film Natural Born Killers uses ideologies as an underlying theme being examined by the bi-polar categories of Relative versus Absolute, Secular versus Religious, and Outsiders versus Insiders. In this paper I hope to dissect and explain the bi-polar categories regarding ideology. In the film Natural Born Killers Woody Harrelson and Juliette Lewis are Mickey Knox and Mallory Wilson, two young, attractive mass murderers in love in Stone's wild-eyed satire on the American fascination with criminals. After killing Mallory's loathsome parents, the pair perform a ritual marriage and take off on a honeymoon killing spree that wipes out 52 people pursued by a bad cop just as criminal. Bloodthirsty t.v. reporter Wayne Gale (Robert Downey Jr.) reports their every move to an adoring public. While warden Dwight McClusky (Tommy Lee Jones) is only too eager to welcome such celebrities to his prison for his own gain. The underlying ideological expression of Stone i n this film is what I thought made it so powerful. Comparing the bi-polar category of Relative versus absolute and the film I come away as seeing it as a left-wing approach. Mickey Knox feels a just in his actions because he sees moral values as merely social conventions. He does this by asking the question, what's the difference between animals killing each other, us killing animals and him killing others. In the film Mickey says the line ? a lot of people are already dead, there just waitin' for their time to come, I'm that time? an backs this up using examples of the animal kingdom. Who has the right to kill and how they exercise that power is another ever present thought. Mickey's view is that media is the real demon by exploiting all the death and destruction. This film also examines the good guy (bad cop) and just how good is that person himself. In comparing the film to the bi-polar category of Secular versus Religious I see it as a left-wing secular approach. Stone' attacks general religious beliefs by showing the contradictions within itself and showing them as just social intuitions. The film portrays Mickey as the angel of death in dialogue mention and comparison throughout the film. Stone goes as far to give him a red and black supped up mustang. Stone non-verbally conveys black representing death, red representing evil, and the mustang car representing the red horse in which the angel of death rode. The point of killing being accepted on ancient religion and looked down upon in most situations in modern religion is brought up. Also he shows religion as a controlling factor by saying it is wrong to kill and then killing for ones religion and country is honorable. The use of the bi-polar category of Outsider versus Insider is a dead giveaway in this film. Left wing in that romanticizes the rebels/outsiders (Mickey and Mallory) in putting them in the role of the protagonist. Most people would be disgusted with the behavior these two have, but in the way we are shown their story we ultimately side with them. Ideology in film is such a powerful factor that in my opinion it is the biggest factor that should be consider when analyzing the information of the film. Using ideology values and elements Oliver Stone was able to create a great film. I had to watch it multiple